In 2003, for example, the People’s Republic of China modeled 80% of its state-owned enterprises on a company-type administration system. Many state institutions and enterprises in China and Russia have reworked into joint-stock corporations, with a part of their shares being listed on public stock markets. The environment friendly and efficient operation of a business, and study of this topic, is called administration. The major branches of administration are financial management, advertising administration, human resource administration, strategic management, production administration, operations administration, service administration, and information know-how administration. A father or mother company is a company that owns sufficient voting stock in another firm to manage management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors; the second firm being deemed as a subsidiary of the mother or father company. The definition of a parent firm differs by jurisdiction, with the definition normally being outlined by the use of …